Statistics · Class 11 Commerce
Ch 7Sampling Methods — Class 11 Statistics, concept-first.
Every study in Statistics begins with a clear idea of who or what is being studied. The Gujarat Board (GSHSEB) Std 11 Commerce Statistics syllabus — part of Business Mathematics and Statistics — starts the study of sampling with two foundational ideas: the population and the sample.
Key concepts
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Population and Sample
Population (Universe) is the complete, well-defined set of all units about which information is sought; it may be finite (all shops in a taluka) or very large (all transactions on a payment app in a year).
Most relevant Q&A
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Population and Sample
Every study in Statistics begins with a clear idea of who or what is being studied. The Gujarat Board (GSHSEB) Std 11 Commerce Statistics syllabus — part of Business Mathematics and Statistics — start…
Census Method and Sample Method
Once a population is identified, an investigator has two broad ways to collect data about it: study every single unit (the census method) or study only a part of it (the sample method).
Random (Probability) Sampling Methods
In a random (or probability) sampling method, every unit of the population has a known, non-zero, and pre-determined chance of being selected in the sample.
Non-Random (Non-Probability) Sampling Methods
In non-random (or non-probability) sampling, the chance of any particular unit being selected is not known in advance, and selection depends on the convenience or judgement of the investigator rather…
Sampling Errors and Non-Sampling Errors
No survey — census or sample — produces results that are perfectly exact; the gap between an estimate and the true value is called error. Statistics distinguishes two broad types.
Exercises
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- Q1Define population and sample. Illustrate with one example from a business context.Free
- Q2A company's HR department keeps a spreadsheet listing the names and employee codes of all 3,000 employees, from which 150 employees are to b…Free
- Q3Distinguish between the census method and the sample method of data collection, and state one situation in which each would be the appropria…Free
- Q4State three advantages of the sample method over the census method.Preview
- Q5Explain simple random sampling. Describe how the lottery method is used to draw a random sample, with a suitable example.Preview
- Q6Explain cluster sampling. State one situation in a business or economic survey where cluster sampling would be preferred over simple random…Preview
- Q7Distinguish between judgement (purposive) sampling and quota sampling, both being non-random methods of sampling.Preview
- Q8Convenience sampling, in which units are selected simply because they are easy to reach, is classified as: (a) A random sampling method (b)…Preview
- Q9Define sampling error and non-sampling error. Give one example of each, and state one method commonly used to reduce each type of error.Preview
More questions
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- Q10A population of 1,000 retail outlets is divided into three strata by size — Large: 400 outlets, Medium: 350 outlets, Small: 250 outlets. Usi…Free
- Q11A factory has 500 workers listed in serial order in the attendance register. A systematic sample of 50 workers is required for a survey. Fin…Preview
- Q12The true average monthly sales of all 400 outlets in a district is known (from complete records) to be ₹50,000. A sample of 40 outlets, sele…Preview