Q.Distinguish between judgement (purposive) sampling and quota sampling, both being non-random methods of sampling.

Judgement sampling and quota sampling are both non-random, but they differ in whether the population is first divided into fixed groups.

Judgement (Purposive) Sampling: the investigator deliberately selects units that are believed, in their own judgement, to be typical or expert representatives of the population — for example, choosing five well-established textile traders to assess the general health of the textile trade. There is no pre-fixed breakdown of how many units must come from which group; selection depends entirely on the investigator's opinion.

Quota Sampling: the population is first divided into groups (quotas) based on characteristics such as age, income, or region — much like the strata of stratified sampling — and the investigator is given a fixed quota (a target number) to collect from each group. The key difference from stratified random sampling is that within each quota, the actual respondents are chosen non-randomly, by convenience or judgement, rather than by a random procedure. …

Treating quota sampling as equivalent to stratified random sampling because both use groups — the defining difference is that quota sampling's within-group selection is non-random, so it does not s …