Q.Explain any four current challenges facing the Indian economy today.

Four current challenges are the dominance of the informal sector, income and wealth inequality, agrarian distress, and skill mismatch/employability gaps. …

Alongside the specific emerging issues of sustainable development, the digital economy, the gig economy, and inclusive growth, the Indian economy faces several other interconnected structural challenges. Any four, clearly explained:

1. Dominance of the informal sector — a very large part of the workforce remains in informal or unorganised employment lacking written contracts, social security, and stable earnings, which limits productivity growth.
2. Income and wealth inequality — the distribution of income between income groups and regions can remain, or become more, unequal even as aggregate income rises.
3. Agrarian distress — a large share of the population still depends on agriculture, but small landholdings, monsoon dependence, and price volatility for farm produce keep farm incomes uncertain.
4. Skill mismatch and employability — the skills produced by the education and training system do not always match industry's requirements, contributing to unemployment among the educated alongside genuine skill shortages.
5. Infrastructure gaps — despite significant expansion, gaps in power, transport, and logistics infrastructure remain, particularly in less-developed regions. …

Students sometimes list challenges as single unexplained words (e.g., just 'poverty,' 'inequality') without briefly explaining the mechanism …