Q.State any four contributions of the industrial sector to India's economic development.

The contribution of industries to India's national income in 2013-14 was about 27 % — option (b).

The industrial sector (manufacturing, mining, construction, electricity, etc.) is a major driver of economic development. In 2013-14 it accounted for roughly 27 % of India's national income. This is much less than services but larger than the figure of 16.6 %, and far below 40 % or 60 %, which overstate the sector's share.

There are 3 main ways to generate electricity in India — option (d): thermal, hydel (water) and atomic (nuclear) power.

Power is a key infrastructure input for industrial growth. In India electricity is produced chiefly through three conventional sources:

1. Thermal power — from coal, oil and natural gas (the largest share).
2. Hydro (hydel) power — from the force of flowing/stored water at dams.
3. Atomic (nuclear) power — from nuclear fission at atomic power stations.

(Newer non-conventional sources like solar and wind are added to these, but the three principal ways are thermal, hydro and atomic.)

Coal-based electricity is called thermal power.

When coal is burnt to heat water into high-pressure steam that drives turbines and generators, the electricity so produced is called thermal power or thermal electricity. Thermal power stations based on coal are a major source of electricity in India, supporting industry and infrastructure.

Industry's share in employment in 2011-12 was about 24.3% — option (c).

One indicator of the pace of industrialisation is the share of the workforce employed in industry. In 2011-12, industry provided roughly 24.3% of India's total employment — far less than agriculture, reflecting that industrial growth in India has not absorbed labour as rapidly as hoped. This modest share is one reason the sector is urged to expand for faster job creation.