Economics · Ch 5 — Poverty
Anti-Poverty Programmes in India
5
Anti-Poverty Programmes in India
The Government of India has, since Independence, run a wide range of anti-poverty and rural/urban employment programmes. The Gujarat Std-12 syllabus expects familiarity with the objective and broad design of the major ones:
| Programme | Year launched (approx.) | Main objective |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) | 1978–80 | Provide income-generating assets and self-employment to rural poor families |
| National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), later Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (MGNREGA) | 2005 | Legally guarantee at least 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household willing to do unskilled manual work |
| Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), later restructured as the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)/Ajeevika | 1999, restructured 2011 | Promote self-employment through self-help groups (SHGs) and skill/credit support for the rural poor |
| Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) | 2015 | Provide affordable pucca housing to the rural and urban poor ("Housing for All") |
| National Food Security Act (NFSA) | 2013 | Legal entitlement to subsidised foodgrains for a large share of the population through the Public Distribution System (PDS) |
| Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) | 2000 | Highly subsidised foodgrains targeted at the poorest of the poor families |
| Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) | 2014 | Universal access to banking/financial services for poor and unbanked households |
| PM-KISAN | 2019 | Direct income support to small and marginal farmer families |