Q.(a) State any two circumstances under which the functional structure will prove to be an appropriate choice.

Span of management gives shape to the organisational structure — option (B).

The span of management refers to how many subordinates a single manager can supervise effectively. This has a direct effect on the shape of the structure:

• A narrow span (few subordinates per manager) requires many managers and creates more levels, giving a tall structure.
• A wide span (many subordinates per manager) needs fewer managers and creates fewer levels, giving a flat structure. …

The hierarchy theory of needs is not a principle of organisation.

Principles of organisation include the principle of exception, principle of flexibility and principle of specialisation (division of work). The hierarchy of needs is Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation (under Directing), not a principle of organising. Henc …

The correct option is (B) Span of Management, because the span directly fixes how many levels the hierarchy will have and therefore the overall shape of the organisation.

Span of management refers to how many subordinates one superior can supervise effectively. A narrow span means each manager handles few subordinates, so more managers and more levels are needed, producing a tall, narrow structure. A wide span means each manager handles many subordinates, needing fewer levels, producing a flat, broad structure. Because the number of levels is what we see as the shape, the span of management gives shape …

The answer is (b) Span of Management — it is the number of subordinates directly controlled by one supervisor.

Span of management (also called span of control) fixes how many people one manager can supervise well; a wide span gives fewer levels, a narrow span gives more levels.

• (a) Scalar Chain is the formal line of authority from top to bottom, not a count of subordinates. …

Span of management is the number of subordinates a single manager can directly, effectively supervise — it decides how "tall" or "flat" an organisation's structure turns out to be.

As an organisation sets up its hierarchy, it has to decide, for each manager, how many subordinates will report directly to them. This number is the span of management (or span of control). A wide span (many subordinates per manager) results in a flatter organisation with fewer levels, while a narrow span (few subordinates per manager) results in a tall structure with many levels. The ideal span dep …

Span of management is how many subordinates one manager can effectively supervise directly.

Span of management determines the number of levels in an organisation structure and the number of subordinates a manager can control. A wider span means one manager supervises more people directly, resulting in fewer hierarchical levels (a "flat" structure); a narrower span means fewer subordinates per manager, resulting in more levels (a "tall" structure).

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