Q.Explain any three economic causes of poverty in India.

Key economic causes include low capital formation, low agricultural productivity, and disguised unemployment.

Three economic causes of poverty in India (any three of the following are acceptable):

1. Low rate of capital formation. Poor households and a poor economy save very little out of already-low income, leaving too little new investment to create enough productive jobs.
2. Low productivity, especially in agriculture. A large share of India's workforce depends on agriculture, where productivity per worker is historically low due to small/fragmented landholdings, outdated techniques, and monsoon dependence.
3. Underemployment and disguised unemployment. In much of rural India, more people are engaged in agriculture than the land can productively employ, keeping rural incomes low even where everyone appears to have work. …