Equally Likely Outcomes

The outcomes of a random experiment are called equally likely if there is no reason to prefer any one outcome over any other - each is just as probable as the rest. Tossing a fair coin (heads and tails equally likely) or rolling a fair, unbiased die (each face 1 to 6 equally likely) are the standard examples. This assumption is what allows probability to be computed as a simple ratio of counts rather than requiring more advanced too …