Introduction to Calculus

Calculus is the branch of mathematics that studies continuous (as opposed to discrete, step-by-step) change in mathematical quantities. It was developed independently in the seventeenth century by Sir Isaac Newton and G. W. Leibnitz, and is used extensively across the sciences. There are two complementary branches: differential calculus, which deals with the rate at which a quantity changes, and integral calculus, which deals with the cumulative or total effect of a continuously varying quantity. You will study both in full in Class XII ma …