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Exercises · Q12

Q.Evaluate ∫131x dx\displaystyle\int_{1}^{3} \frac{1}{x}\,dx.

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This is the reciprocal case (§2), with antiderivative log⁡∣x∣\log|x|.

Evaluate at the limits. On [1,3][1,3], x>0x > 0, so

∫131x dx=[log⁡x]13=log⁡3−log⁡1=log⁡3−0=log⁡3.\int_{1}^{3}\frac{1}{x}\,dx = \big[\log x\big]_{1}^{3} = \log 3 - \log 1 = \log 3 - 0 = \log 3.

Numerically log⁡3≈1.0986\log 3 \approx 1.0986 (natural logarithm). …

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