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Worked Examples · Example 9.3

Q.Can phosphorus with outer electronic configuration 3s^2 3p^3 form PH5 ?

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The outer electronic configuration of phosphorus is 3s2 3p33s^2\,3p^3. In the ground state, the three 3p electrons are unpaired (one each in 3px,3py,3pz3p_x, 3p_y, 3p_z) and are available to form three covalent bonds — this gives the stable, well-known hydride PH3 (phosphine), analogous to NH3.

For PH5 to form, phosphorus would need five unpaired electrons to bond with five H atoms. This would require unpairing the paired 3s² electrons and promoting one of them into an empty 3d orbital, giving a 3s13p33d13s^1 3p^3 3d^1 configuration with 5 unpaired electrons. …

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