Q.I. Define Swarts reactions.
II. Write the IUPAC name of the compound ClCH2C≡CCH2Br.

Alkyl fluorides are best prepared by the Swarts reaction, in which an alkyl chloride or bromide is heated with an inorganic metallic fluoride.

In the Swarts reaction, an alkyl chloride/bromide reacts with a metal fluoride salt such as AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2, or SbF3, and the halogen is replaced by fluorine:

R-Cl + AgF -> R-F + AgCl

This works well because fluorides are generally not obtained by direct halogenation with F2 (too violent/uncontrollable) or by simple nucleophilic substitution with common fluoride salts, making this metal-fluoride exchange the standard, reliable method.

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Treating an alkyl bromide/chloride with an inorganic fluoride such as AgF replaces the heavier halogen with fluorine — a halogen-exchange reaction named the Swarts reaction, the standard method for preparing alkyl fluorides.

$CH_3Br + AgF \rightarrow CH_3F + AgBr$

Alkyl fluorides are difficult to prepare by direct fluorination (too violent/uncontrollable), so instead an alkyl chloride or bromide is heated with a metallic fluoride such as $AgF$, $Hg_2F_2$, $CoF_2$, or $SbF_3$; the metal's strong affinity for the heavier halide ion drives the halogen exchange, depositing the corresponding insoluble metal halide (here $AgBr$) and releasing the alkyl fluoride. This substitution reaction is named the Swarts reaction.

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Replacing the halogen of an alkyl halide by fluorine using a metal fluoride is the Swarts reaction.

Concept. Alkyl fluorides are best made by heating an alkyl chloride or bromide with a heavy-metal fluoride such as $AgF$, $Hg_2F_2$, $CoF_2$ or $SbF_3$. This halogen-exchange reaction is named after its disco …