Exercises · Q10
Q.Mention the various indicators of human development.
Puducherry CbseNCERTSubjective· 2mImportance★★★★★est
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Human development is measured by indicators of health (life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality), education (adult literacy, access to education), income (GNI per capita in PPP), poverty and access to basic amenities like sanitation and safe water — often summarised in the Human Development Index.
What human development indicators measure
Human development goes beyond income to capture the quality of people's lives — their health, education and standard of living. The main indicators are grouped as follows.
Health indicators
- Life expectancy at birth (the average number of years a person is expected to live).
- Infant mortality rate (deaths of infants per 1000 live births).
- Maternal mortality rate (deaths of mothers in childbirth per 100,000 live births).
Education indicators
- Adult literacy rate or the percentage of the population able to access education.
- The extent of enrolment and schooling.
Income and living-standard indicators
- Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, measured in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars.
- Percentage of population below the poverty line.
Access to basic amenities
- Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation. …
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