Q.A true fruit is the one where

Step 1. The chapter classifies fruits by formation into true fruit, false fruit and parthenocarpic fruit. A true fruit is explicitly defined as one where the ovary alone develops into fruit, without any non-carpellary part, with mango and tomato as examples.

Step 2. A false fruit, by contrast, develops when non-carpellary (non-ovary) floral parts also contribute - the thalamus in apple, the perianth in jackfruit, or the involucre and perianth together in English walnut.

Step 3. Checking each option against this rule: (a) matches the true-fruit definition exactly.

(b) adds the calyx, which the definition does not allow for a true fruit. …

Match the option wording directly against the textbook's true-fruit definition, which restr …

• Assuming a true fruit can still include the calyx or thalamus as long as the ovary is the main contributor - the definition is strictly ovary-only. …