Q.Differentiate the wood formed in Pinus from that of Morus

Step 1. Recall the two types of secondary xylem. The chapter classifies secondary xylem into two types based simply on the presence or absence of vessels: porous wood or hard wood, which contains vessels (the chapter names Morus rubra as an example), and non-porous wood or soft wood, which lacks vessels.

Step 2. Place Pinus in this classification. Pinus is a gymnosperm, and gymnosperm wood is characteristically non-porous/soft wood - its secondary xylem is built almost entirely of tracheids (which both conduct water and provide mechanical support) and xylem parenchyma, with no true vessels present at all.

Step 3. Place Morus in this classification. Morus, named directly in the chapter (Morus rubra) as the example of porous/hard wood, is a dicot angiosperm - its secondary xylem contains true vessels (formed from vessel elements joined end to end) in addition to tracheids, fibres and parenchyma, giving it a more complex, multi-cell-type composition than Pinus wood. …

Classify each genus's wood using the porous/non-porous distinction the chapter gives, …

• Reversing which one has vessels - remembering 'porous = has vessels' rather than the reverse. …