Q.Complete the following reactions:

Chlorobenzene undergoes nucleophilic substitution with excess hot, pressurised ammonia to form aniline, and undergoes a Fittig-type coupling with sodium and another aryl halide in dry ether to form biphenyl.

1. C6H5Cl + 2NH3 --(250°C, 50 atm pressure)--> C6H5NH2 + NH4Cl Chlorobenzene reacts with excess ammonia under high temperature and pressure (conditions needed because the C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is strengthened by resonance with the ring, making it far less reactive than an alkyl halide). The ammonia acts as a nucleophile, displacing the chloride to give aniline (C6H5NH2); the second equivalent of ammonia neutralises the HCl by-product, forming ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
2. C6H5Cl + 2Na + ClC6H5 --(dry ether, heat)--> C6H5-C6H5 + 2NaCl …