Q.Cladogram considers the following characters

As biologists began studying the evolutionary and genetic relationships between organisms in more depth, a new approach to classification emerged: phylogenetic classification, more commonly called cladistics. Rather than grouping organisms purely by overall similarity, cladistics classifies them according to how recently they shared a common ancestor — organisms that diverged from a shared ancestor more recently are considered more closely related than organisms whose common ancestor lived much further in the past.

Cladistic classification works by comparing two categories of traits. Ancestral characters are traits belonging to the basic body plan that would be present across an entire group, inherited essentially unchanged from a distant common ancestor. Derived characters are traits whose structure or function has changed relative to that ancestral condition — a new feature that arose at some specific point during evolution. When one or more derived characters appear in a lineage, they mark the origin of a new branch, sometimes leading to new subspecies or higher taxa over time. …