Q.Explain the three dimensions used to construct the Human Development Index (HDI).

HDI deliberately looks at three separate aspects of a person's life rather than collapsing development into a single income figure. …

The Human Development Index (HDI), introduced by UNDP in 1990, rests on the idea that development means expanding people's real choices and capabilities, not merely their income. It measures three dimensions:

1. A Long and Healthy Life — measured using life expectancy at birth, capturing overall health conditions.
2. Knowledge — measured using a combination of expected years of schooling (for a child entering the school system today) and mean years of schooling actually completed by adults, capturing access to and attainment of education.
3. A Decent Standard of Living — measured using Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) so that incomes across countries with different price levels can be meaningfully compared. …

Describing HDI as measuring 'health, education and income' without specifying the ACTUAL indicators used for each (life expectancy for health; years of schooling for education; PPP-adjusted GNI per capita for inc …