Q.What are the functions of Modern State ?

A modern state performs obligatory functions (defence, law and order, justice) and optional welfare/developmental functions (education, health, social security, infrastructure and economic development). The old 'police state' was concerned only with protecting citizens; the modern state is a welfare state with much wider responsibilities. 1. Obligatory (compulsory) functions - Defence of the country against external aggression. - Maintenance of internal law and order (police). - Administration of justice through the courts. - These are essential functions the state must perform. 2. Optional (welfare and developmental) functions - Provision of social services such as education, public health and sanitation. - Social security measures — pensions, insurance and help for the weaker sections. - Building economic infrastructure such as roads, power, irrigation and communication. - Promotion of economic development, employment and reduction of inequality (growth with social justice). - Through these functions the modern state acts as protector, provider and regulator, and pu …