Q.What is back cross?

Step 1. A back cross is defined as a cross between an F1 hybrid offspring and either one of the two original parental genotypes that produced it.

Step 2. There are two kinds: a dominant back cross, in which the F1 is crossed back to the dominant parent, and a recessive back cross, in which the F1 is crossed back to the recessive parent.

Step 3. A dominant back cross produces offspring that are entirely dominant in phenotype, since the dominant parent contributes only dominant alleles; a recessive back cross instead produces both phenotypes in equal 1:1 proportion, and this specific case - F1 crossed to the recessive parent - is exactly what is separately named a test cross. …

• Treating back cross and test cross as two unrelated procedures instead of recognising the test cross as one specific kind of back cross. …