Q.List the ways by which seeds can be stored for longer duration.

Step 1. Conventional storage structures include bamboo structures, mud or earthen structures, wooden structures and underground structures.

Step 2. At village level, seed is stored in bulk in concrete/cement silos and in metal or plastic drums; improved rural storage structures include the coal-tar drum, the Udaipur bin, the bamboo bin, the Pusa bin and various metal bins.

Step 3. Cryopreservation stores seed, embryos, tissue or cells at ultra-low temperature (-196°C) in liquid nitrogen — impractical for routine commercial use but ideal for preserving valuable germplasm long-term.

Step 4. Gene banks preserve seed under carefully controlled temperature, humidity and moisture conditions to extend viability over long periods. …

List every seed storage method the chapter names, grouped a …

• Listing only modern methods and omitting the conventional structures (bamboo/mud/earthen bins) the chapter also names. …