Medical science revolves around physics principles, and medical instrumentation -- built on efficient application of fundamental physics -- has widened the human life span through technology-integrated diagnosis and treatment. A twelve-row timeline traces this discovery by discovery: Roentgen's 1895 X-rays enabled radiology/X-ray imaging; Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie's 1896-1898 theory of radioactivity enabled radioisotope imaging and nuclear medicine; Joliot and Irene Curie's 1934 artificial radioactivity enabled scintigraphy; the physics of ultrasound (around 1950) enabled echography and sonography; Cormack and Hounsfield's X-ray computed tomography work (recognised 1979, the year of their Nobel Prize) enabled CT scanning; Bloch and Purcell's nuclear magnetic resonance work (recognised 1952, their own Nobel Prize year) enabled MRI; the 1940s optical fibre enabled endoscopy and biomedical sensors; the 1960 LASER became a surgical and diagnostic tool; nanotechnology, whose conceptual origin is dated to 1959 -- the same year as this unit's own opening Feynman epigraph -- eventually enabled nanomedicine and targeted drug delivery; and Townsend and Nutt's 1998 nuclear-medicine work enabled fused imaging techniques such as PET-CT and PET-MR. On top of this historical timeline, the book discusses eight recent advancements in active use today. Virtual reality stops the brain from processing pain and cures soreness in hospitalised patients, lets surgeons plan operations on 3D models beforehand, and helps treat autism, memory loss and mental illness. Precision medicine tailors treatment to a patient's own genes, environment and lifestyle rather than applying one standard protocol to everyone. Health wearables, combined with AI and big data, track a wearer's …