Q.List out the various causes for biodiversity losses.

Step 1. Habitat loss, fragmentation and destruction tops the list, affecting about 73% of all species — the single largest cause named in the chapter.

Step 2. Pollution and pollutants (smog, pesticides, herbicides, oil slicks, greenhouse gases) contaminate ecosystems directly, while climate change alters temperature, precipitation and sea level.

Step 3. Introduction of alien/exotic species drives out native species, and over-exploitation of resources — poaching, indiscriminate tree-cutting, over-fishing, hunting, mining — depletes populations directly.

Step 4. Intensive agricultural and aquacultural practices reduce genetic diversity through reliance on few high-yield varieties, and hybridisation between native and non-native species causes loss of genetically distinct native populations. …

Enumerate the chapter's full bullet list of biodiversity-loss causes in the order given, leading wit …

• Omitting less-familiar causes like hybridisation with non-native species or co-extinction, which the chapter lists alongside the more commonly known threats. …