Q.Animals giving birth to young ones:

Step 1. Oviparous animals (option a) are egg-laying animals - their young hatch from eggs laid outside the mother's body, so the mother does not 'give birth' to young ones directly.

Step 2. Ovoviviparous animals (option b, printed in the paper as 'Oviviviparous') retain their egg inside the mother's body until it is ready to hatch, but the embryo has no placental connection and is nourished by the egg's own yolk - the textbook describes this as the embryo 'hatching', not the mother 'giving birth'.

Step 3. Viviparous animals (option c) are exactly those whose young develop fully inside the mother's uterus, nourished through a placental connection, and are born alive - matching the question's phrase 'giving birth to young ones' precisely.

Step 4. Option (d), 'Both a and b', is wrong because neither oviparous nor ovoviviparous animals give birth in this direct sense - it also wrongly excludes viviparous animals altogether.

Match the phrase 'giving birth to young ones' to its precise textbook definition among the three developmental categories.

• Assuming ovoviviparous animals also 'give birth' because the young emerges alive, without noting the textbook reserves that phrase specifically for viviparous animals.
• Overlooking that option (b) is printed in the source paper as 'Oviviviparous', a variant spelling of ovoviviparous.