Sourabh has to prepare a project on “Digital India Initiatives”. He decides to get information from the Intern

Exercises · Q5

Q. Sourabh has to prepare a project on “Digital India Initiatives”. He decides to get information from the Internet. He downloads three web pages (webpage 1, webpage 2, webpage 3) containing information on Digital India Initiatives. Which of the following steps taken by Sourabh is an example of plagiarism or copyright infringement. Give justification in support of your answer.

a) He read a paragraph on “ Digital India Initiatives” from webpage 1 and rephrased it in his own words. He finally pasted the rephrased paragraph in his project.

b) He downloaded three images of “ Digital India Initiatives” from webpage 2. He made a collage for his project using these images.

c) He downloaded “Digital India Initiative” icon from web page 3 and pasted it on the front page of his project report.

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Concept understanding — Copyright Infringement

Imagine you’ve written a poem, painted a picture, or recorded a song. It’s yours — you made it, you own it. Now suppose someone copies your poem, puts their name on it, and sells it. That feels wrong, doesn’t it? That feeling is the root of copyright infringement.

Copyright infringement is the unauthorised use of someone else’s creative work in a way that violates the exclusive rights granted to the creator by law. In simpler terms: it’s using another person’s original expression — be it a book, a film, a piece of music, a photograph, or software — without their permission, and in a manner that the law says only the creator can do.

The law gives creators a bundle of exclusive rights. These include the right to reproduce the work, distribute copies, perform it in public, display it, and create derivative works (like a movie based on a novel). When you do any of these things without the copyright owner’s consent, you are infringing.

Important

Copyright protects the expression of an idea, not the idea itself. You cannot copyright an idea like “a boy who discovers he’s a wizard.” But the specific words J.K. Rowling wrote in the Harry Potter books are protected. If you wrote your own story about a wizard boy using completely different characters and plot, that’s fine. If you copied paragraphs from her books, that’s infringement.

Why does this matter? Because copyright is the legal engine that makes creative industries work. A musician can spend months writing an album only if they know they’ll be paid when people buy or stream it. A filmmaker invests millions in a movie because they control who can show it. Infringement undermines that system — it takes value away from the creator and gives it to someone who did none of the work.

Common examples of infringement include:

Downloading a movie or song from an illegal website.
Photocopying an entire textbook instead of buying it.
Using a photograph from the internet on your website without the photographer’s permission.
Performing a play in your school auditorium without getting a license from the playwright. …

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(a) rephrasing a paragraph without citing the source is plagiarism; (b) building a collage from downloaded images and (c) pasting the downloaded icon are copyright infringement (b is plagiarism too if presented as his own creation).

The concepts. Plagiarism = presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, i.e. using them without acknowledgement — even if you reword them. Copyright infringement = using someone's protected expression (text, images, video, icons) without the owner's permission or a valid licence — even if you say where it came from. One act can be both.

a) Rephrased paragraph pasted into the project — plagiarism.

Rephrasing means Sourabh did not copy the exact protected wording, so a copyright claim is weak; but the content and ideas belong to webpage 1. Presenting them with no citation passes them off as his own thinking — the definition of plagiarism. Fix: add "Source: webpage 1 (URL, date accessed)".

b) Collage from three downloaded images — copyright infringement.

Photographs and graphics on a website are automatically copyrighted by their creators. Downloading them and reusing them in a project without permission or an open licence infringes that copyright; cropping and combining them into a collage is a derivative work, which needs the owner's consent just the same. If he also shows the collage as his own artwork without credit, it is plagiarism as well.

c) Downloaded "Digital India Initiative" icon on the cover — copyright infringement. …

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