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Worked Examples · Example 7.1

Q.Assume that height (in cm) of students in a class are as follows [90,102,110,115,85,90,100,110,110]. What is the mean or average height of the class?

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The arithmetic mean (average) is the sum of all values divided by the count of values — the central measure of a dataset's typical value.

The arithmetic mean is the most fundamental measure of central tendency. When you want to know the "typical" or "representative" value of a dataset, you add up all observations and divide by how many there are. It gives equal weight to every data point.

In this example, we have nine students with heights recorded in centimeters. To find the mean height:

Step 1: Sum all the heights

Sum=90+102+110+115+85+90+100+110+110=912 cm\text{Sum} = 90 + 102 + 110 + 115 + 85 + 90 + 100 + 110 + 110 = 912 \text{ cm}

Step 2: Count the number of observations

There are 99 students in the class.

Step 3: Divide the sum by the count

Mean=Sum of all heightsNumber of students=9129=101.3‾ cm\text{Mean} = \frac{\text{Sum of all heights}}{\text{Number of students}} = \frac{912}{9} = 101.\overline{3} \text{ cm}

Rounding to two decimal places, the mean height is 101.33 cm.

Computing the Mean in Python

If you were working with this data programmatically, here's how you'd calculate it:

import numpy as np

heights = [90, 102, 110, 115, 85, 90, 100, 110, 110]

# Method 1: Using NumPy
mean_height = np.mean(heights)
print(f"Mean height: {mean_height:.2f} cm")

# Method 2: Manual calculation
mean_manual = sum(heights) / len(heights)
print(f"Mean height (manual): {mean_manual:.2f} cm")

Output:

Mean height: 101.33 cm
Mean height (manual): 101.33 cm
``` …

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