Q.What are biodegradable polymers? Give two examples (only names).
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🔒 Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Concept understanding — Polymers and Monomers
Polymers are very large molecules (macromolecules) built by covalently linking together thousands of small, repeating units called monomers. The number of repeat units in a chain is called its degree of polymerisation.
- Monomer: the small reactive molecule that repeats to form the chain …
Biodegradable polymers can be decomposed by soil microorganisms into simple, non-polluting products, which is why they are used to cut down the lasting waste that ordinary polymers leave behind. …
Biodegradable polymers are decomposed naturally by microbial enzymatic action into simple, non-polluting products.
Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be broken down (degraded) within a reasonably short period of time by the action of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) present in the environment, into simpler and environmentally harmless products such as CO2, water and biomass. They are designed to reduce the environmental (plastic) pollution caused by conventional, non-degradable synthetic polymers, which persist in the environme …
Showing the 12 most recent of 20 on this concept.
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.What is the IUPAC name of isoprene monomer of natural rubber?(a) 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene(b) 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene(c) 1,3-Butadiene(d) 3-Methylbutadiene
›Reveal solutionSolution
Isoprene, CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, is IUPAC-named 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene.
Isoprene is a 5-carbon diene: CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2. Numbering the longest chain containing both double bonds (buta-1,3-diene) from one end gives double bonds at C1-C2 and C3-C4, with a methyl substituent at C2. So its IUPAC name is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (also called 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) …
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markQ.What is the IUPAC name of the monomer unit of Polyacrylonitrile?
›Reveal solutionSolution
Polyacrylonitrile is an addition polymer of acrylonitrile, whose IUPAC name is prop-2-enenitrile.
Polyacrylonitrile (used to make fibres like Orlon/PAN, and as a precursor in carbon-fibre manufacture) is formed by addition polymerisation of its monomer, CH2=CH-CN, commonly called acrylonitrile. Naming it by IUPAC rules: the longest chain including the nitrile group is a 3-carbon chain (propene skele …
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.The monomer of Nylon-6 is -(a) Ethylene(b) Propene(c) Styrene(d) Caprolactum
›Reveal solutionSolution
Nylon-6 is made by the ring-opening polymerisation of caprolactam.
Nylon-6 is obtained by heating caprolactam (a cyclic amide, 6-aminohexanoic acid lactam) with water, which opens the ring to give an amino acid that then undergoes self-condensation (polymerisation) to give Nylon-6, a polyamide. Ethylene, propene and styrene ar …
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Caprolactum is monomer of(a) Nylon 6(b) Nylon 6, 6(c) Bakelite(d) Terylene
›Reveal solutionSolution
Caprolactam, a cyclic amide, opens and polymerises on heating to give the polyamide Nylon 6.
Caprolactam (a 6-membered cyclic amide) is heated in the presence of water, which opens the ring; the resulting amino-acid units then undergo condensation polymerisation with each other, forming the linear polyamide Nylon 6. (Nylon 6,6 is instead made from hex …
- CBSE 2022Set HE2181 markQ.Fill in the blank: Teflon is a polymer of ______.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) is made by free-radical addition polymerisation of tetrafluoroethene, CF2=CF2.
Tetrafluoroethene is polymerised under high pressure using a peroxide (or persulphate) catalyst:
n CF2=CF2 -(catalyst, high pressure)-> [-CF2-CF2-]n (Teflon) …
- CBSE 2022Set HE2181 markQ.Answer in one word/sentence: Write the monomer of polythene.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Polythene is formed by free-radical addition polymerisation of the simple alkene monomer ethene (ethylene), CH2=CH2.
Under high pressure (~1000-2000 atm) and temperature, with a trace of peroxide catalyst, thousands of ethene molecules add on to each other, the pi-bond of each monomer opening up to form new sigma bonds to the growing chain:
n CH2=CH2 -(catalyst, high P & T)-> [-CH2-CH2-]n (low-density polythene) …
- CBSE 2022Set TERM21 markMCQQ.The monomer of natural rubber is:(a) Isoprene(b) Chloroprene(c) Phenol(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
Natural rubber is a polymer of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) units joined in a cis configuration.
Natural rubber is cis-1,4-polyisoprene: it is obtained by the polymerisation of the monomer isoprene (CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2, 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene). The isoprene units link head-to-tail with all double bonds in the cis configuration, which gives natural rubber its characteristic elasticity (the cis arrangement prevents the polymer chains from p …
- CBSE 2022Set TERM21 markQ.Draw the structure of Nylon 6,6.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Nylon 6,6 is a polyamide made by condensing hexamethylenediamine (6 carbons) with adipic acid (6 carbons), losing water at each amide linkage.
Nylon 6,6 is formed by heating hexamethylenediamine [H2N−(CH2)6−NH2] with adipic acid [HOOC−(CH2)4−COOH] under high pressure and temperature. This is a step-growth (condensation) polymerisation: the -NH2 of the diamine reacts with the -COOH of the diacid, releasing water at each step and building alternating amide (peptide-type) linkages along the chain. The name '6,6' records that both monomers contribute 6 carbon atoms each.
Repeat unit / structure:
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- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Identify the monomer of the polymer represented as (−CH2−CHCl−)n.
›Reveal solutionSolution
PVC is the addition polymer of vinyl chloride; reversing the addition-polymerisation pattern gives back the monomer, chloroethene.
The repeat unit −CH2−CHCl− is formed by opening the C=C double bond of a vinyl-type monomer and joining the units head-to-tail. Working backwards, the monomer must be:
CH2=CHCl (vinyl chloride / chloroethene)
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- CBSE 2020Set HE8221 markQ.Write True or False: Formation of terylene is by reaction between Ethylene Glycol and Terphthalic acid.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Terylene is a polyester made by step-growth (condensation) polymerisation between a diol (ethylene glycol) and a dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid), with loss of water at each ester linkage.
The statement is True.
Terylene (also called Dacron or PET, polyethylene terephthalate) is a synthetic polyester fibre prepared by heating a mixture of ethylene glycol [HOCH2CH2OH] and terephthalic acid [HOOC–C6H4–COOH] in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. zinc acetate/antimony trioxide) at high temperature:
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- CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Which polymer is prepared by the monomer, styrene?
›Reveal solutionSolution
Styrene is an alkene bearing a phenyl group; its free-radical addition polymerisation links many styrene units end-to-end through their C=C bonds to give polystyrene.
Styrene, C6H5-CH=CH2 (vinylbenzene), undergoes addition polymerisation (typically free-radical initiated) in which the C=C double bond of each monomer opens up and links to the next, forming a long saturated carbon backbone with a phenyl group pendant on every alternate carbon:
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- CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Caprolactam is monomer unit of:(a) Dacron(b) Nylon 6(c) Teflon(d) Buna-N
›Reveal solutionSolution
Caprolactam undergoes ring-opening self-condensation on heating with water to give Nylon 6.
Caprolactam is a six-membered cyclic amide (lactam). On heating in the presence of a trace of water at high temperature, its ring opens and the resulting molecules undergo self-condensation (polymerisation), linking up via amide bonds to form a linear polyamide — Nylon 6 (named for the six carbons in the repeating unit). This is distinct from Nylon 6,6, which is instead made by condensing two different monomers (hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid).
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