Pranayam and Its Types

Pranayama forms an important component of yogic practice. It is a science that helps to regularise the vital energies through the regulation of breathing. Its main purpose is to gain control over the autonomous (autonomic) nervous system and the mental functions.

The three phases of a controlled breath

Pranayama practice works through three phases of a single controlled breath:

• Puraka — slow, deep inhalation.
• Kumbhaka — holding (retaining) the breath.
• Rechaka — near-complete, slow exhalation.

The flow of prana (vital energy) to all the vital parts of the body is regulated by these breath-regulating practices. Regular practice of pranayama can modulate the sensitivity of the body's chemo-receptors and make the mind calm and quiet.

The main types

The pranayamas taught in this course (from the Hatha Yoga texts) are Anulom-Vilom (Nadi Shodhana), Surya Bhedhana, Ujjayi, Bhramari, Sheetkari and Sheetali, each described in its own sub-section below.

Essentials before practising pranayama

• External environment: choose a place that is well-ventilated and free from noise, insects and flies. …