Router

A router is a network device that does more than just forward data — it can receive data, analyse it, and transmit it to other networks. Its primary job is to connect a local area network (LAN) to the internet.

Unlike a hub or a switch, a router has advanced capabilities. It can analyse the data being carried over a network, decide how that data should be packaged, alter the packaging if needed, and then send it to another network — even if that other network is of a different type.

Here is a concrete example the textbook gives: suppose data has been divided into packets of a certain size. If those packets need to travel over a different type of network that cannot handle such large packets, the router will repackage the data into smaller packets before sending it onward. This ability to repackage data based on the destination network's constraints is a key feature that distinguishes a router from simpler devices.

A router can be either wired or wireless. A wireless router provides Wi-Fi access to smartphones and other devices. Typically, such routers also include a few ports to offer wired internet access as well. …