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Accountancy · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 4Ledger — Class 11 Accountancy, concept-first.

The Journal records transactions in the order they occur, but it mixes together entries for cash, for a particular customer, for rent, for machinery — everything, jumbled by date.

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Key concepts

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Posting from Journal to Ledger

Posting transfers each journal entry to the ledger: the account debited in the journal is posted to the debit side of its ledger account as 'To [the other account]', and the account credited is posted to the credit side…

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

1

Meaning and Need for a Ledger

The Journal records transactions in the order they occur, but it mixes together entries for cash, for a particular customer, for rent, for machinery — everything, jumbled by date.

2

Format of a Ledger Account

A ledger account is traditionally prepared in a 'T' format, with the account name written at the top and the account split into two halves — Debit on the left, Credit on the right:

3

Rules for Posting from Journal to Ledger

Posting means transferring each journal entry to its two related ledger accounts, following a fixed, mechanical rule so that the double-entry effect is preserved exactly:

4

Balancing a Ledger Account

Balancing means finding the net difference between the total of the debit side and the total of the credit side of an account, so as to show its net position on a given date.

5

Relationship Between Journal and Ledger

The Journal and the Ledger are not two alternative ways of recording — they are two sequential steps of the same process, and neither can replace the other.

Exercises

+Show 8 questions8 questions
  1. Q1From the following journal entry, show how it would be posted in both the affected ledger accounts: 'Purchases A/c …Dr. ₹35,000, To Ganesh A…Free
  2. Q2Post the following journal entries into the Cash Account and balance it: (1) April 1 — Cash A/c Dr. ₹1,50,000, To Capital A/c ₹1,50,000 (bus…Free
  3. Q3From the following journal entries relating to Kavya (a customer), post them into Kavya's Account and balance it: (1) June 3 — Sold goods to…Free
  4. Q4Why does the Ledger require balancing, but the Journal does not?Preview
  5. Q5Prepare the Rent Account (a Nominal Account) for the month of July from the following, and comment on which side its balance falls: July 5 —…Preview
  6. Q6State, without preparing the full ledger, whether each of the following accounts would normally show a debit balance or a credit balance, an…Preview
  7. Q7Explain the meaning of 'J.F.' (Journal Folio) and 'L.F.' (Ledger Folio), and how they work together to make a set of books easy to audit.Preview
  8. Q8Post the following compound journal entry into the two ledger accounts it affects, and balance the Bank Account assuming its opening balance…Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 14 questions14 questions
  1. Q1Closing balance of the current year in the ledger account is the opening balance of the ________. (a) previous year (b) next year (c) curren…Preview
  2. Q2The process of finding the net amount from the totals of debit and credit columns in a ledger is known as : (a) Journalising (b) Casting (c)…Preview
  3. Q3What is credit balance ?Preview
  4. Q4(a) Give Journal entries for the following transactions and post them to Cash A/c and Sales A/c. 2017 Aug 10 Sold goods and cheque received…Preview
  5. Q5Main objective of preparing ledger accounts is to : (a) Ascertain the profit or loss and the financial position (b) Ascertain the financial…Preview
  6. Q6The following balances appeared in the books of Kumaran on April 1, 2017. Assets : Cash ₹ 1,00,000; Stock ₹ 40,000 Sundry debtors ₹ 10,000;…Preview
  7. Q7(a) Enter the following transactions in the books of Ganesan and post them into ledger. | Date | Particulars | ₹ | | --- | --- | --- | | Oct…Preview
  8. Q8The process of transferring the debit and credit items from Journal to Ledger accounts is called : (a) Journalising (b) Casting (c) Balancin…Preview
  9. Q9Explain any three procedures for balancing a ledger account.Preview
  10. Q10Journalise the following transactions and post them to ledger. On May 20, 2018, Ram paid Salaries Rs. 15,000, Electricity charges Rs. 8,000…Preview
  11. Q11(a) Show the direct Ledger postings for the following transactions. 2017 June 1 Raja commenced business with cash Rs. 50,000 June 6 Sold goo…Preview
  12. Q12Prepare Anand's account from the following details. | 2017 | | | ₹ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | July | 1 | Credit balance of Anand's A/c |…Preview
  13. Q13(a) Show the direct Ledger postings for the following transactions in the books of Kalaiselvi. | 2022 October | | ₹ | | --- | --- | --- | |…Preview
  14. Q14Distinguish between journal and ledger (any 3)Preview