Q.What is protonema?

Funaria ('cord moss', Class Bryopsida), commonly Funaria hygrometrica, is a small, erect, leafy moss anchored by multicellular rhizoids with oblique cross-walls, its axis differentiated internally into epidermis, cortex and a conducting central strand. It is monoecious, bearing an antheridial branch (protected by perigonial leaves and paraphyses) and an archegonial branch (protected by perichaetial leaves) on the same plant; rain-splashed antherozoids swim, guided by chemotaxis, to fertilize the egg in the flask-shaped archegonium. The resulting sporophyte is unusually complex for a bryophyte: foot, seta, and a capsule differentiated i …