Q.Differentiate long and dwarf shoot.

Step 1. In Pinus, the branches are dimorphic — they come in two structurally distinct forms, distinguished mainly by their pattern of growth and the kind of leaves they carry.

Step 2. Long shoots (branches of unlimited growth) occur on the main trunk; their apical buds keep growing indefinitely, shortening gradually toward the tip of the tree, which is what gives Pinus its overall pyramidal shape. Long shoots bear only scale leaves.

Step 3. Dwarf shoots (branches of limited growth) develop in the axils of the scale leaves on the long shoots. Unlike long shoots, dwarf shoots have no apical bud at all, so their growth is inherently limited. …

Contrast the two Pinus branch types on growth pattern (limited vs unlimited, presence of apica …

• Reversing which shoot type bears the needle (foliage) leaves — it is the dwarf shoot, not the long shoot. …