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Zoology · Class 11 Science

Ch 6Respiration — Class 11 Zoology, concept-first.

Every breath we take answers a question most of us never stop to ask: why is breathing necessary at all? The answer lies in how the body gets its energy. Cells break down glucose and other biomolecules to release the energy needed for every life process, and this breakdown depends on a continuous supply of oxygen.

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Key concepts

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Regulation Of Respiration

Control of breathing rhythm by the respiratory centre, pneumotaxic centre and chemosensitive areas.

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

Introduction

Every breath we take answers a question most of us never stop to ask: why is breathing necessary at all? The answer lies in how the body gets its energy.

6.1

Respiratory Functions

The respiratory system is much more than a gas-exchange organ. Its first and most obvious job is to exchange oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the blood, so that oxygen r…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.2

Respiratory Organs in Various Organisms

Simple animals such as sponges, coelenterates (like Hydra and jellyfish), and flatworms have no dedicated respiratory organs at all - every cell lies close enough to the surrounding water that oxygen…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.2.1

Human Respiratory System

Air enters the body through the external nostrils and passes into the nasal chamber, where fine hairs and a mucus lining filter out dust and microorganisms before the air is warmed and humidified.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.3

Mechanism of Breathing

Breathing works on a simple pressure principle: air always flows from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.3.1

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

Four basic respiratory volumes are recognised. Tidal volume (TV) is the volume of air moved in or out with each normal, quiet breath - about 500 mL, giving a normal adult a total air movement of rough…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.4

Exchange of Gases

When a mixture of gases (like air) is in contact with a liquid (like blood), each gas in the mixture contributes its own share of the total pressure - this is called its partial pressure, written pO2…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview

Respiratory Pigments

Haemoglobin is a conjugated protein found inside red blood cells. It is made up of a colourless protein portion called globin (about 96% of the molecule) combined with an iron-containing pigment porti…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.5

Transport of Gases

Blood is the transport medium for both respiratory gases, but it carries them in very different ways because of their very different solubilities in water-based plasma.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.5.1

Transport of Oxygen

Only about 3% of the oxygen carried in blood travels dissolved directly in the plasma, because oxygen is not very soluble in water.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.5.2

Transport of Carbon-dioxide

Blood carries CO2 from the tissues to the lungs in three ways. A small fraction (about 7-10%) simply dissolves in the plasma.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.6

Regulation of Respiration

The rhythm of normal breathing is set by the respiratory rhythm centre, located in the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.7

Problems in Oxygen Transport

At high altitude (above about 8000 ft), both atmospheric pressure and the partial pressure of oxygen are lower than at sea level.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.8

Disorders of Respiratory System

Asthma is a condition in which the bronchi and bronchioles become narrowed and inflamed, causing difficulty in breathing; it is commonly triggered by allergens such as dust, certain drugs, pollen, and…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview
6.9

Effects of Smoking

Cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, ammonia, sulphur dioxide and even trace amounts of arsenic.

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview

EVALUATION

The questions below cover the whole chapter: the respiratory organs used by different animal groups and by humans, the mechanical steps of inspiration and expiration, respiratory volumes and capacitie…

+Evaluation26 questions
  1. Q1Breathing is controlled by (a) cerebrum (b) medulla oblongata (c) cerebellum (d) ponsFree
  2. Q2Intercostal muscles are found between the (a) vertebral column (b) sternum (c) ribs (d) glottisFree
  3. Q3The respiratory structures of insects are (a) tracheal tubes (b) gills (c) green glands (d) lungsFree
  4. Q4Asthma is caused due to (a) bleeding in pleural cavity (b) infection of nose (c) damage of diaphragm (d) infection of lungsPreview
  5. Q5The Oxygen Dissociation Curve is (a) sigmoid (b) straight line (c) curved (d) rectangular hyperbolaPreview
  6. Q6The Tidal Volume of a normal person is (a) 800 mL (b) 1200 mL (c) 500 mL (d) 1100 - 1200 mLPreview
  7. Q7During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) expands (b) unchanged (c) relaxes to become domed-shaped (d) contracts and flattensPreview
  8. Q8CO2 is transported through blood to lungs as (a) carbonic acid (b) oxyhaemoglobin (c) carbamino haemoglobin (d) carboxy haemoglobinPreview
  9. Q9When 1500 mL air is in the lungs, it is called (a) vital capacity (b) tidal volume (c) residual volume (d) inspiratory reserve volumePreview
  10. Q10Vital capacity is (a) TV + IRV (b) TV + ERV (c) RV + ERV (d) TV + TRV + ERVPreview
  11. Q11After a long deep breath, we do not respire for some seconds due to (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less CO2 in the b…Preview
  12. Q12Which of the following substances in tobacco smoke damage the gas exchange system? (a) carbon monoxide and carcinogens (b) carbon monoxide a…Preview
  13. Q13Column I represents diseases and column II represents their symptoms. Choose the correctly paired option. Column I: (P) Asthma (Q) Emphysema…Preview
  14. Q14Which of the following best describes the process of gas exchange in the lungs? (a) Air moves in and out of the alveoli during breathing. (b…Preview
  15. Q15Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) IC (Q) EC (R) VC (S) FRC Column II: i. maximum volume of air breathe in after forced. ii. Volume of ai…Preview
  16. Q16Make the correct pairs. Column I: (P) Tidal volume (Q) Residual volume (R) Expiratory reserve volume (S) Inspiratory reserve volume Column I…Preview
  17. Q17Name the respiratory organs of flatworm, earthworm, fish, prawn, cockroach and cat.Preview
  18. Q18Name the enzyme that catalyses the bicarbonate formation in RBCs.Preview
  19. Q19Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes through a number of structures. List in order of the structures.Preview
  20. Q20Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Preview
  21. Q21Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give two reasons.Preview
  22. Q22How the body makes long-term adjustments when living in high altitude.Preview
  23. Q23Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in any other part of the respiratory system. Discuss.Preview
  24. Q24Sketch a flow chart to show the pathway of air flow during respiration.Preview
  25. Q25Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  26. Q26Explain the conditions which creates problems in oxygen transport.Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 18 questions18 questions
  1. Q1Total lung capacity is ______. (a) TV + IRV (b) VC + RV (c) ERV + TV + IRV (d) TV + ERVPreview
  2. Q2Mention the uses of surfactants.Preview
  3. Q3Oxygen concentration determines haemoglobin's affinity for carbon dioxide. Analyse this statement with the help of Haldane's effect and answ…Preview
  4. Q4After a long deep breath, we do not respire for a few seconds. This is due to: (a) more CO2 in the blood (b) more O2 in the blood (c) less C…Preview
  5. Q5Give short note on "Dead space".Preview
  6. Q6Why is pneumonia considered as a dangerous disease?Preview
  7. Q7The Tidal Volume of a normal person is: (a) 500 mL (b) 800 mL (c) 1100 - 1200 mL (d) 1200 mLPreview
  8. Q8What is a condition called 'Nitrogen narcosis' ?Preview
  9. Q9The respiratory organs of insects are : (a) Green glands (b) Tracheal tubes (c) Lungs (d) SkinPreview
  10. Q10Write the types of respiration seen in frog.Preview
  11. Q11Why is pneumonia considered a dangerous disease?Preview
  12. Q12Breathing is controlled by: (a) Cerebellum (b) Cerebrum (c) Pons (d) Medulla oblongataPreview
  13. Q13What is Haldane effect?Preview
  14. Q14(a) Describe the mechanism of breathing. **OR** (b) Explain the Refractive errors of eye.Preview
  15. Q15The tidal volume of a normal person is: (a) 500 mL (b) 800 mL (c) 1100-1200 mL (d) 1200 mLPreview
  16. Q16Why do some people snore during sleep?Preview
  17. Q17The respiratory structures of insects are : (a) Green glands (b) Tracheal tubes (c) Lungs (d) GillsPreview
  18. Q18How the body makes long-term adjustments when living at high altitude ?Preview