Q.Which one of the following menstrual irregularities is correctly matched?
a. Menorrhagia - excessive menstruation
b. Amenorrhoea - absence of menstruation
c. Dysmenorrhoea - irregularity of menstruation
d. Oligomenorrhoea - painful menstruation

This is a cluster of named clinical terms describing departures from normal menstruation. Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstruation (primary if menarche has not occurred by 18; secondary if periods stop for three or more consecutive months, which can also signal pregnancy, stress, a hormonal disorder or anaemia). Polymenorrhoea is a cycle shorter than 21 days (from pituitary hyperactivity, psychological disturbance, malnutrition, or pelvic inflammation from an STD). Dysmenorrhoea, the most commonly reported menstrual disorder, is painful menstruation — primary (from the uterus's own prostaglandin secretion) or secondary (from a condition such as endometriosis or fibroids). Menorrhagia is heavy, prolonged bleeding that disrupts normal activity, linked to hormonal imbalance, ovarian dysfunction, fibroids or, occasionally, cancer. Oligomenorrhoea is infrequent menstruation, cycles regularly exceeding about 35 days. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a related endocrine disorder in which many follicles form but never mature enough to release a fertilisable egg, producing irregular cycles, r …