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Q.Describe the Poultry Farming methods.

Tamil Nadu DgeTamil Nadu HSC (DGE) Board 2018Subjective· 10mImportance★★★★★
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Poultry is farmed by free-range (extensive), semi-intensive, and intensive systems; the intensive system uses deep-litter or battery-cage methods with controlled feeding and housing for high egg/meat yield.

Poultry farming is the raising of domesticated birds — chiefly the domestic fowl (chicken), and also ducks, turkeys and quails — for the production of eggs (layers) and meat (broilers). Successful poultry farming depends on the breed, housing, feeding, and disease control. Several methods (systems) of poultry farming are followed depending on management and level of confinement:

  1. Free-range (extensive) system:
  • The birds are allowed to move about freely over a large open area/backyard during the day.

  • They gather much of their own food (grains, insects, greens) and are given only a little supplementary feed.

  • Housing is simple and cheap; only night shelter is provided.

  • Cost is low, but egg and meat production per bird is also low and less controlled. Suitable for small-scale/backyard rearing.

  1. Semi-intensive system:
  • A compromise between free-range and intensive systems.

  • Birds are housed in a covered poultry house but are also given access to an attached, fenced outdoor run/yard where they can move and feed partly on their own.

  • Provides more protection and better management than free-range while still allowing some natural movement and foraging.

  1. Intensive system:
  • The birds are kept fully confined indoors in a poultry house under controlled conditions of light, temperature and ventilation, and are fed entirely on balanced ready-made feed.
  • It allows a large number of birds to be reared on a small area with maximum, controlled production. There are two chief methods: (a) Deep-litter method: the floor of the house is covered with a thick layer (litter) of materials like paddy husk, straw or saw dust; the birds live on this litter, which absorbs droppings and keeps the floor dry. Used for both layers and broilers. …

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