Q.Explain extensive and intensive properties.

Density is an intensive property because it is a ratio (mass/volume) that doesn't change with the amount of substance.

Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter present in the system — mass, volume, and enthalpy all double if you double the amount of substance.

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Enthalpy depends on the amount of substance present, so it is extensive; concentration, density, and viscosity are all ratios that stay constant regardless of sample size, so they are intensive.

Thermodynamic properties are classified as:

• Extensive properties: depend on the quantity/mass of matter present in the system (e.g. mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity). If you double the amount of substance, an extensive property doubles too.
• Intensive properties: do NOT depend on the quantity of matter present (e.g. temperature, pressure, density, concentration, viscosity, refractive index, molar properties). These stay the same whether you have 1 g or 1 kg of the substance. …

Properties independent of the amount of matter are called intensive properties; those that depend on the amount are called extensive properties.

Matter's physical properties are classified into two types based on how they behave when the amount of substance changes:

• Extensive properties depend on the quantity or size of matter present, e.g., mass, volume, and total energy — doubling the amount of substance doubles these. …

Enthalpy is the extensive property here.

Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance (they add up), e.g. mass, volume, enthalpy, internal energy. Intensive properties are independent of amount, e.g. temperature, pres …

Intensive properties are independent of the quantity of matter; temperature is intensive, while volume, mass and internal energy are all extensive (they scale with amount of substance).

Thermodynamic properties are classified as:

• Extensive properties: depend on the amount (mass or moles) of matter in the system, e.g. volume, mass, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity — if you double the amount of substance, these double too. …

Surface tension is intensive; volume, mass, and enthalpy are extensive.

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present (they add up when systems combine) — mass, volume, and enthalpy are all extensive. Intensive properties are independent of the quantity of matter — e.g. temperature, density, pressure, and surface ten …

Density is an intensive property because it is a ratio (mass/volume) that does not change with the quantity of matter, unlike heat capacity, mass, or volume, all of which are extensive.

Extensive properties depend on the amount (mass or size) of the system -- examples include mass, volume, and heat capacity (the total heat capacity of 2 kg of a substance is twice that of 1 kg). Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter -- examples include density, temperature, pressure, molar heat capacity, and refractive index.

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Intensive properties (density, temperature, pressure, molar quantities) stay the same regardless of the amount of substance; extensive properties (mass, volume, enthalpy) scale with the amount.

Check each option:

• Enthalpy: depends on the amount of substance present (double the mass, double the enthalpy) — extensive.
• Mass: obviously scales with amount of substance — extensive.
• Mass/volume (density): if you take twice the amount of a substance, both mass and volume double, so their ratio (density) stays the same — intensive. …

Extensive properties scale with the size/quantity of the system (e.g., mass, volume, internal energy); this is unlike intensive properties, which are independent of the amount of matter present (e.g., temperature, pressure, density).

A thermodynamic property is called extensive if its value for the whole system is obtained by adding up its values for the individual parts of the system -- in other words, it depends on the size or amount of matter present.

Examples of extensive properties:

• Mass: doubling the amount of a substance doubles its mass.
• Volume: 2 litres of water occupies twice the volume of 1 litre of water.
• Internal energy (U): the total energy content scales with the amount of substance.
• Enthalpy (H): similarly depends on the quantity of substance present.
• Heat capacity and the total number of moles (n): both scale with the size of the sample. …