Q.Give examples of medicinal products obtained from nature.

[!TLDR] Nature supplies many medicines, e.g. quinine from Cinchona bark and morphine from the opium poppy. …

[!ANSWER] Biodiversity provides many important medicinal products obtained directly from living organisms.

A large fraction of the medicines used throughout human history, and many still used today, are derived from natural sources rather than synthesised entirely from scratch. Classic examples include quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree, historically the principal treatment for malaria; and morphine, an analgesic (pain-relieving) compound extracted from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), still an important clinical painkiller today. Beyond these two well-known cases, numerous other drugs used in modern medicine trace their origin to natural plant, fungal or microbial compounds that were later studied, purified, and in some cases chemically modified. …

• Giving only vague examples ("herbal medicine") without naming actual compounds and their natural sources. …