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Q.Evaluate ∫01Log(1+x)1+x2 dx\int_0^1 \frac{Log(1+x)}{1+x^2}\, dx.

Telangana TsbieTelangana Board of Intermediate Education 2019Subjective· 7mImportance★★★★★
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Substitute x=tan⁡θx=\tan\theta to convert the integral into ∫0π/4log⁡(1+tan⁡θ) dθ\int_0^{\pi/4}\log(1+\tan\theta)\,d\theta, then use the King's rule substitution θ→π4−θ\theta\to\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta.

Let x=tan⁡θx=\tan\theta, dx=sec⁡2θ dθdx=\sec^2\theta\,d\theta, 1+x2=sec⁡2θ1+x^2=\sec^2\theta. Limits: x=0⇒θ=0x=0\Rightarrow\theta=0; x=1⇒θ=π4x=1\Rightarrow\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}.

I=∫01log⁡(1+x)1+x2dx=∫0π/4log⁡(1+tan⁡θ) dθI=\displaystyle\int_0^1\frac{\log(1+x)}{1+x^2}dx=\int_0^{\pi/4}\log(1+\tan\theta)\,d\theta

Apply the property ∫0af(x)dx=∫0af(a−x)dx\int_0^a f(x)dx=\int_0^a f(a-x)dx with a=π4a=\frac{\pi}{4}:

1+tan⁡(π4−θ)=1+1−tan⁡θ1+tan⁡θ=(1+tan⁡θ)+(1−tan⁡θ)1+tan⁡θ=21+tan⁡θ1+\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta\right)=1+\dfrac{1-\tan\theta}{1+\tan\theta}=\dfrac{(1+\tan\theta)+(1-\tan\theta)}{1+\tan\theta}=\dfrac{2}{1+\tan\theta}

So:

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