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Q.Evaluate : ∫dx(1+x)3+2x−x2\int \frac{dx}{(1 + x)\sqrt{3 + 2x - x^2}} on (−1,3)(-1, 3).

Telangana TsbieTelangana Board of Intermediate Education 2020Subjective· 7mImportance★★★★★
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For integrals of the form ∫dx(x+a)quadratic\int \dfrac{dx}{(x+a)\sqrt{\text{quadratic}}}, substitute x+a=1tx+a=\tfrac1t to reduce the quadratic under the root to a linear expression in tt.

∫dx(1+x)3+2x−x2\displaystyle\int \frac{dx}{(1+x)\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}}

Put 1+x=1t1+x=\dfrac1t, so x=1t−1x=\dfrac1t-1, dx=−1t2 dtdx=-\dfrac{1}{t^2}\,dt.

Complete the square: 3+2x−x2=4−(x−1)23+2x-x^2 = 4-(x-1)^2.

x−1=1t−2=1−2ttx-1=\dfrac1t-2=\dfrac{1-2t}{t}, so

4−(x−1)2=4−(1−2t)2t2=4t2−(1−4t+4t2)t2=4t−1t24-(x-1)^2 = 4-\dfrac{(1-2t)^2}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t^2-(1-4t+4t^2)}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t-1}{t^2}

So 3+2x−x2=4t−1t\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4t-1}}{t} (taking t>0t>0, valid since x>−1x>-1).

Substituting:

∫−1t2 dt1t⋅4t−1t=∫−1t2 dt4t−1t2=−∫dt4t−1\displaystyle\int \frac{-\tfrac{1}{t^2}\,dt}{\tfrac1t\cdot\tfrac{\sqrt{4t-1}}{t}} = \int \frac{-\tfrac{1}{t^2}\,dt}{\tfrac{\sqrt{4t-1}}{t^2}} = -\int \frac{dt}{\sqrt{4t-1}}

=−244t−1+C=−124t−1+C= -\dfrac{2}{4}\sqrt{4t-1}+C = -\dfrac12\sqrt{4t-1}+C

Now back-substitute t=11+xt=\dfrac{1}{1+x}: …

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