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NCERT Exemplar · Q10

Q.International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has provided a code for classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classification botanists follow while classifying plants and mention different 'Suffixes' used for the units.

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Plant classification under the botanical code follows a fixed hierarchy of ranks, several of which are marked by standard name-endings such as '-aceae' for family and '-ales' for order.

The rules for naming and classifying plants are laid out under the international code for botanical nomenclature, which ensures every plant is placed within one agreed hierarchy of ranks and given one standard scientific name recognised worldwide.

The taxonomic hierarchy for plants, arranged from the lowest, most specific rank to the highest, broadest one, is:

  • Species — the lowest rank, a group of individuals sharing fundamental morphological similarities (for example, Solanum tuberosum, the potato).
  • Genus — a group of closely related species (Solanum, containing potato and brinjal among others).
  • Family — a group of related genera, recognised by shared vegetative and reproductive features (Solanaceae, grouping Solanum, Petunia and Datura), conventionally ending in '-aceae'.
  • Order — a group of related families sharing a smaller set of common features (Polymoniales, grouping Solanaceae with Convolvulaceae), conventionally ending in '-ales'.
  • Class — a group of related orders. …

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