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NCERT Exemplar · Q20

Q.Name an omnivore which occurs in both grazing food chain and the decomposer food chain.

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An omnivore like a crow participates in both the grazing food chain by consuming plants and the decomposer food chain by feeding on detritivores or dead organic matter.

To understand how an omnivore can be part of both a grazing food chain and a decomposer food chain, we first need to grasp what these food chains represent and what an omnivore is. An ecosystem's energy flow is primarily described through food chains, which illustrate the feeding relationships between different organisms.

The grazing food chain (GFC) begins with producers, which are typically photosynthetic organisms like plants. These producers form the base, converting solar energy into chemical energy. Herbivores then feed on these producers, and carnivores, in turn, feed on herbivores or other carnivores. This chain is characterized by energy flowing from living plant matter to herbivores and then to carnivores. For example, grass is eaten by a deer, which is then eaten by a tiger. Here, the grass is the producer, the deer is a primary consumer (herbivore), and the tiger is a secondary consumer (carnivore).

In contrast, the decomposer food chain (DFC), also known as the detritus food chain, starts with dead organic matter, or detritus. This includes dead plants, animals, and waste products. Decomposers, primarily fungi and bacteria, break down this detritus, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem. Organisms called detritivores, such as earthworms, certain insects, and some mites, feed directly on this dead organic matter. The energy in the DFC flows from dead organic matter to detritivores and then to their predators. For instance, fallen leaves are consumed by earthworms, which might then be eaten by a bird.

An omnivore is an animal that consumes both plant matter and animal matter. This dietary flexibility allows omnivores to occupy multiple trophic levels and draw energy from various sources within an ecosystem.

An omnivore can participate in both the grazing and decomposer food chains because its diet is diverse enough to include components from both. Consider the example of a crow. …

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