NCERT Exemplar · Q45
Q.Mammals are most adapted among the vertebrates. Elaborate.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Mammals combine mammary glands, hair, a four-chambered warm-blooded heart, differentiated teeth, versatile limbs, and mostly viviparous direct development — together explaining why they are considered the most advanced vertebrate class and why they occupy such an enormous range of habitats.
Class Mammalia is described as the most advanced class of vertebrates, and several distinct features together justify this.
- Unique nourishing and protective features: the single most distinctive mammalian character is the presence of mammary glands, through which the mother nourishes her young with milk. Two further unique markers are hair on the skin, which provides insulation, and external ears (pinnae), which sharpen hearing.
- Efficient circulation and constant temperature: mammals have a fully four-chambered heart and are homoiothermous (warm-blooded), allowing them to keep their internal environment stable and sustain high, consistent levels of activity regardless of external conditions.
- Specialised feeding and movement: the jaw carries different types of teeth specialised for different functions, allowing a wide variety of diets, and mammals have two pairs of limbs adapted for an unusually broad range of activities — walking, running, climbing, burrowing, swimming or flying.
- Reproductive strategy: mammals are viviparous with a few exceptions (such as the egg-laying platypus), meaning most give birth to live young that have already developed inside the mother, and development is direct, with no larval stage — a more protected start to life than egg-laying or larval development. …
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