Q.Classify various playing surfaces in sports.

Artificial Turf Surface – A First Look

Imagine a football field that stays green and playable through a monsoon, or a hockey pitch that never develops bare patches. That's the promise of artificial turf — a manufactured surface designed to mimic natural grass while being far more durable and weather-resistant.

The Intuition

Natural grass is alive. It needs sunlight, water, nutrients, and rest. Play on it too much and it dies, turning into mud. Artificial turf solves this by replacing living grass with synthetic fibres (usually polyethylene or polypropylene) that look and behave like blades of grass, but never need watering, mowing, or recovery time.

The key trade-off: natural grass gives a softer, more forgiving surface that "gives" underfoot, while artificial turf is harder and can cause different types of injuries (like turf burns or joint stress). But it stays consistent — every bounce, every roll of the ball is predictable, regardless of weather.

The Precise Statement

The structure is layered:

1. Base layer – compacted stone or gravel for drainage and stability.
2. Shock pad (optional) – a foam layer for impact absorption.
3. Backing – a woven fabric that holds the synthetic fibres.
4. Synthetic fibres – the "blades" of grass, usually 40–60 mm tall.
5. Infill – a mix of sand and rubber granules packed between the fibres to keep them upright and provide cushioning.

Why It Matters …