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4.1 — Flowchart Completion

Q.Complete the flowchart outlining the history of Sports for People With Special Needs and Paralympics: 1888 -- ; 1944 -- ; 1948- ; 1960- ; 1964- ; 1988- ; 1989- ; 1992- (fill in the event for each year).

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The flowchart traces disability sport's growth from isolated deaf sports clubs (1888) through Guttmann's rehabilitation sport (1944–1948) to a fully unified, Olympic-aligned Paralympic movement (1988–1992).

1888: the first sport clubs for the deaf were already in existence in Berlin — the earliest organised disability sport the chapter records.

1944: Dr. Ludwig Guttmann opened a spinal injuries centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Great Britain, where rehabilitation sport began developing into recreational and then competitive sport.

1948: on 29 July, during the opening ceremony of the London Olympics, Guttmann organised the first wheelchair competition — the Stoke Mandeville Games — with 16 injured servicemen and women competing in archery.

1960: the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation conducted its first Paralympic Games at Rome, featuring athletes from 23 nations — now recognised as the first official Paralympic Games.

1964: the International Sport Organisation for the Disabled (ISOD) was formed, for athletes who could not participate in the Stoke Mandeville Games.

1988: since the Seoul Summer Games, Paralympics began being organised in the same city and venue as the Olympics; this was also the year the IOC officially recognised Special Olympics. …

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