Q.Evaluate ∫xcosxdx.
Concept understanding — Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
The idea: reverse the product rule
Some integrands are a product of two very different functions — xex, xcosx, logx, xsin−1x — where substitution gets you nowhere. Integration by parts is the tool for these. It comes straight from reversing the product rule for differentiation.
Starting from dxd(uv)=uv′+u′v and integrating both sides gives the working formula:
∫udxdvdx=uv−∫vdxdudx.
In words: integral of (first × derivative-of-second) = first × integral-of-second − integral of (derivative-of-first × integral-of-second).
Choosing u: the ILATE rule
The whole game is picking which factor is u (to differentiate) and which is dv (to integrate). Pick u by ILATE — the first type that appears:
- Inverse trig (sin−1x), Logarithmic (logx), Algebraic (x2), Trigonometric (sinx), Exponential (ex).
Whatever comes first in ILATE becomes u; the rest is dv. This makes the new integral ∫vdu simpler than the one you started with.
Worked idea
For ∫xexdx: algebraic before exponential, so u=x, dv=exdx. Then du=dx, v=ex:
∫xexdx=xex−∫exdx=xex−ex+C=ex(x−1)+C.
A single log or a single inverse-trig function (∫logxdx, ∫sin−1xdx) is still "by parts" — take the other factor as 1. And for the special form ∫ex(f(x)+f′(x))dx, the answer is simply exf(x)+C.
If applying the formula gives you back a multiple of the original integral (as with ∫exsinxdx), don't panic — solve for the integral algebraically.
Integration by Parts is one of the most tested methods in the NCERT Class 12 Mathematics chapter on Integrals, and "integration by parts formula ILATE rule" along with "integration by parts class 12 important questions" are among the top searches for students preparing for CBSE board exams and JEE Main calculus. The same ILATE-based technique extends naturally into JEE Advanced integral calculus problems built on this NCERT Class 12 foundation.
By parts with u=x, dv=cosxdx.
∫xcosxdx=xsinx+cosx+C
By ILATE, u=x (du=dx), dv=cosxdx (v=sinx):
∫xcosxdx=xsinx−∫sinxdx=xsinx+cosx+C.
Check: dxd[xsinx+cosx]=sinx+xcosx−sinx=xcosx.
∫xcosxdx=xsinx+cosx+C
Apply ∫udv=uv−∫vdu with u=x, dv=cosxdx; the resulting ∫sinxdx is a standard form.
Sign error on ∫sinxdx=−cosx, dropping the negative and writing xsinx−cosx instead of +cosx.
Showing the 12 most recent of 40 on this concept.
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫logxdx=(a) x1+k(b) xlogx+k(c) xlogx−x+k(d) xlogx+x+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Integrate by parts: ∫logxdx=xlogx−x+k.
Take u=logx and dv=dx, so du=x1dx and v=x:
∫logxdx=xlogx−∫x⋅x1dx=xlogx−∫1dx=xlogx−x+k.
✓Final answer(C) xlogx−x+k.
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫cosxdx=(a) sinx+cosx+k(b) 21(xsinx−cosx)+k(c) 2(xsinx+cosx)+k(d) sinx+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Put t=x; the integral becomes 2∫tcostdt=2(tsint+cost)+k.
Let t=x, so x=t2 and dx=2tdt. Then
∫cosxdx=∫cost(2tdt)=2∫tcostdt.
Integrate ∫tcostdt by parts (u=t, dv=costdt): =tsint−∫sintdt=tsint+cost.
Hence the answer is 2(tsint+cost)+k=2(xsinx+cosx)+k.
✓Final answer(C) 2(xsinx+cosx)+k.
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫ex(tan−1x+1+x21)dx=(a) extan−1x+k(b) ex⋅1+x21+k(c) ex+k(d) tan−1x+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognise ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+k; here f(x)=tan−1x.
Note dxdtan−1x=1+x21. So the integrand is ex[tan−1x+(tan−1x)′], which matches the standard pattern
∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+k.
Therefore the integral equals extan−1x+k.
✓Final answer(A) extan−1x+k.
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫01xexdx=(a) 1(b) 0(c) 2(d) −1
›Reveal solutionSolution
By parts: ∫01xexdx=[(x−1)ex]01=1.
Take u=x, dv=exdx, so du=dx, v=ex:
∫xexdx=xex−∫exdx=xex−ex=(x−1)ex.
Evaluate from 0 to 1: (1−1)e1−(0−1)e0=0−(−1)=1.
✓Final answer(A) 1.
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Write the value of ∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx.(a) −excosx+c(b) exsinx+c(c) −exsecx+c(d) excosecx+c
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognising the standard form ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+c gives −excosx+c.
There is a standard integration result:
∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+c
Compare the integrand sinx−cosx with f(x)+f′(x). Try f(x)=−cosx; then f′(x)=sinx, so
f(x)+f′(x)=−cosx+sinx=sinx−cosx
which exactly matches the given integrand.
Therefore
∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx=ex⋅(−cosx)+c=−excosx+c
✓Final answerThe correct option is (a) −excosx+c.
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.∫ex(logsecx+tanx)dx=(a) ex+C(b) extanx+C(c) ex(logsecx)+C(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
This is of the standard form ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+C.
Let f(x)=logsecx. Then f′(x)=secxsecxtanx=tanx.
So the integrand ex(logsecx+tanx)=ex[f(x)+f′(x)], and by the standard result:
∫ex(logsecx+tanx)dx=exlogsecx+C.
✓Final answer(c) ex(logsecx)+C.
- CBSE 2025Set X11 markMCQQ.∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx is(a) −excosx(b) excosx(c) exsinx(d) exsin2x
›Reveal solutionSolution
Integral of the form ∫ex(f+f′)dx=exf — correct option (a).
Take f(x)=−cosx, so f′(x)=sinx. Then f+f′=−cosx+sinx=sinx−cosx, exactly the integrand. Hence ∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx=exf(x)=−excosx+C.
✓Final answer(a) −excosx
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Find ∫x⋅exdx.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Apply integration by parts with u=x, dv=exdx.
∫xexdx=xex−∫exdx=xex−ex+c=ex(x−1)+c
✓Final answerex(x−1)+c
- CBSE 2025Set E1 markMCQQ.∫logx2dx=(a) x21+k(b) x2+k(c) xlogx−x+k(d) 2(xlogx−x)+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Bring down the power, then integrate logx by parts; result 2(xlogx−x)+k.
First logx2=2logx. Now integrate ∫logxdx by parts with u=logx, dv=dx:
∫logxdx=xlogx−∫x⋅x1dx=xlogx−x.
Therefore
∫logx2dx=2∫logxdx=2(xlogx−x)+k.
✓Final answer(D) 2(xlogx−x)+k.
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Evaluate ∫xsinxdx.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use integration by parts (ILATE): take u=x (algebraic) and dv=sinxdx.
Let u=x, dv=sinxdx, so du=dx, v=−cosx.
∫xsinxdx=uv−∫vdu=−xcosx−∫(−cosx)dx=−xcosx+∫cosxdx
=−xcosx+sinx+C
✓Final answer−xcosx+sinx+C.
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Evaluate : ∫xlog2xdx
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use integration by parts, taking the logarithm as the first function.
Let I=∫xlog2xdx. Apply ∫udv=uv−∫vdu with
u=log2x,dv=xdx.
Then
du=2x1⋅2dx=x1dx,v=2x2.
Therefore
I=log2x⋅2x2−∫2x2⋅x1dx=2x2log2x−21∫xdx.
And 21∫xdx=21⋅2x2=4x2, so
I=2x2log2x−4x2+C.
✓Final answer∫xlog2xdx=2x2log2x−4x2+C
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.∫exsecx(1+tanx)dx is equal to(a) excosx+c(b) exsecx+c(c) exsinx+c(d) extanx+c
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognise the form ∫ex{f(x)+f′(x)}dx=exf(x)+c.
Expand the integrand:
exsecx(1+tanx)=ex(secx+secxtanx).
Let f(x)=secx. Then
f′(x)=secxtanx.
So the integrand is exactly ex{f(x)+f′(x)}, and by the standard result
∫ex{f(x)+f′(x)}dx=exf(x)+c=exsecx+c.
Verification (differentiate the answer):
dxd(exsecx)=exsecx+exsecxtanx=exsecx(1+tanx),
which is the original integrand. This confirms option (b).
✓Final answer(b) exsecx+c
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