Q.State any five clauses of the Memorandum of Association.

The Memorandum is built up out of a small, fixed set of clauses, each fixing one dimension of the company's identity.

The Memorandum of Association, as governed by Section 4 of the Companies Act, 2013, is divided into the following clauses, five of which are:

1. Name Clause — states the company's name, which for a public company must end with "Limited" and for a private company with "Private Limited"; the proposed name must not be identical or deceptively similar to an existing company's name.
2. Registered Office Clause — states the State in which the company's registered office is situated, which fixes the ROC and courts having jurisdiction over the company; the precise address must be intimated to the ROC within thirty days of incorporation.
3. Object Clause — the most important clause, setting out the main objects and the objects necessary for attaining them; the company cannot lawfully act beyond what this clause permits (the doctrine of ultra vires).
4. Liability Clause — states whether the members' liability is limited by shares, limited by guarantee, or unlimited.
5. Capital Clause — states the amount of share capital with which the company is registered and how it is divided into shares of a fixed denomination.

A sixth clause, the Subscription Clause, names the first subscribers to the Memorandum, each of whom must take at least one share.

Students sometimes list clauses that actually belong to the Articles of Association (such as voting rights or directors' powers) as if they were Memorandum clauses. The Memorandum's clauses are limited to Name, Registered Office, Object, Liability, Capital and Subscription — internal management rules belong in the Articles.