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Economics · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 10Statistics for Economics — Class 11 Economics, concept-first.

Every Andhra Pradesh Intermediate first-year Commerce student meets 'Statistics' in two senses in this course — once as a plural noun meaning numerical facts (statistics of a country's population, trade, or prices), and once as a singular science: the systematic method of collecting, classifying, presenting, analysing…

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Key concepts

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Diagrammatic Representation of Data — Bar and Pie Diagrams

Diagrams present statistical data, usually discrete or qualitative, as geometric figures for a quick visual comparison.

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

1

Meaning, Functions and Limitations of Statistics

Every Andhra Pradesh Intermediate first-year Commerce student meets 'Statistics' in two senses in this course — once as a plural noun meaning numerical facts (statistics of a country's population, tra…

2

Diagrammatic Representation of Data — Bar Diagrams

Once data has been tabulated, it can be presented visually in two broad ways that the BIEAP Class 11 Commerce Economics syllabus takes up in turn: diagrams (geometric figures such as bars and pies, ge…

3

Diagrammatic Representation of Data — Pie Diagrams

A pie diagram (or pie chart) represents the different components of a total by the sectors of a circle, with the angle of each sector kept proportional to that component's share of the whole.

4

Graphic Representation of Data — Histogram and Frequency Polygon

Diagrams such as bar charts and pie charts suit discrete categories; when the data is instead a continuous frequency distribution (values grouped into class intervals, such as marks or wages grouped i…

5

Graphic Representation of Data — Ogives (Cumulative Frequency Curves)

A cumulative frequency curve, commonly called an ogive, plots the running (cumulative) total of frequency against the class boundaries of a continuous frequency distribution.

6

Measures of Central Tendency — Meaning and Objectives

A measure of central tendency (commonly called an average) is a single value that attempts to describe, in one number, the general or typical level around which the individual values of a mass of data…

7

Arithmetic Mean — Computation for Individual, Discrete and Continuous Series

The arithmetic mean () is the value obtained by dividing the sum of all observations by their number. Its method of computation depends on how the data is organised.

8

Median and Mode — Computation for Individual, Discrete and Continuous Series

Median. The median is a positional average — the value of the item that lies exactly in the middle of the series when all observations are arranged in ascending (or descending) order of magnitude, so…

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Relationship Among Mean, Median and Mode

When a frequency distribution is perfectly symmetrical (its two halves are mirror images of each other around the centre), all three measures of central tendency coincide exactly:

Exercises

+Show 6 questions6 questions
  1. Q7Distinguish between a simple bar diagram and a sub-divided (component) bar diagram.Free
  2. Q8What is a percentage bar diagram? Why is it particularly useful when comparing the composition of totals of very different sizes?Free
  3. Q9What is a histogram? Explain briefly how it differs from a frequency polygon.Preview
  4. Q10Explain how the median of a continuous series can be found graphically using ogives.Preview
  5. Q11State any four functions (importance) of statistics in economics, and mention two of its limitations.Preview
  6. Q12Explain the empirical relationship among mean, median and mode. Under what condition are all three exactly equal?Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 14 questions14 questions
  1. Q1Explain the importance of statistics.Preview
  2. Q2What is meant by Arithmetic Mean?Preview
  3. Q3Write a short note on: Pie diagramPreview
  4. Q4Write a short note on: Simple bar diagramPreview
  5. Q5Calculate Arithmetic Mean to the following data : | Marks (X) : | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |…Preview
  6. Q6Write a short note on: Pie diagramPreview
  7. Q7Calculate Mode : 12, 11, 15, 11, 12, 12, 15, 12, 9, 12Preview
  8. Q8Write a short note on: Arithmetic Mean.Preview
  9. Q9Explain the importance of Statistics.Preview
  10. Q10Find the A.M. for the data 30, 20, 32, 16, 27.Preview
  11. Q11What is a Pie diagram ?Preview
  12. Q12Explain the importance of Statistics.Preview
  13. Q13Calculate mode for the data : 12, 11, 15, 11, 12, 12, 15, 12, 9, 12Preview
  14. Q14Calculate A.M. for the data : 30, 20, 32, 16, 27Preview

More questions

+Show 6 questions6 questions
  1. Example 1The marks scored by 5 first-year Commerce students in an Economics unit test (out of 100) are: 45, 50, 55, 60, 70. Calculate the arithmetic…Free
  2. Example 2The marks obtained by 50 first-year Commerce students in an Economics test are grouped as follows: 0–10: 5 students, 10–20: 8 students, 20–3…Free
  3. Example 3The weekly pocket money (in ₹) received by 30 first-year Commerce students is distributed as follows: ₹10 — 4 students, ₹20 — 6 students, ₹3…Preview
  4. Example 4The daily wages (in ₹) of 50 workers in a factory are grouped as follows: 0–10: 5 workers, 10–20: 8 workers, 20–30: 15 workers, 30–40: 16 wo…Preview
  5. Example 5Using the same daily-wages data as the previous example (0–10: 5, 10–20: 8, 20–30: 15, 30–40: 16, 40–50: 6 workers), find the modal wage, an…Preview
  6. Example 6For a certain distribution of monthly family incomes, the mean is ₹48,000 and the mode is ₹35,000. Using Karl Pearson's empirical relationsh…Preview