Q.Observe the following programs carefully, and identify the error:

Each snippet has a distinct, classic error:

• a) print text is Python-2 syntax → SyntaxError in Python 3; the call create(5) also passes 1 argument to a 2-parameter function (TypeError once fixed). Write print(text) and call create("hi", 5).
• b) print cos(0) → SyntaxError; also cos was never imported (only sqrt, ceil) → NameError after fixing print. Import cos and write print(cos(0)).
• c) mynum = mynum + 9 inside the function makes mynum local, read before assignment → UnboundLocalError. Declare global mynum.
• d) def findValue(vall = 1.1, val2, val3): — a non-default parameter after a default one → SyntaxError; the call findvalue() also mismatches the name's case. Put defaults last: def findValue(val2, val3, vall = 1.1):.
• e) greet() = message assigns to a function call → SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call. Reverse it: message = greet().

The idea. Debugging function code means checking four things systematically: the syntax of each statement, the names in scope, the parameter list rules, and the call itself (name, argument count, what the result is assigned to). Each sub-part breaks exactly one of these.

a) print text + create(5)

def create (text, freq):
     for i in range (1, freq):
          print text
create(5)

• Error 1 (reported first): print text is Python-2 statement syntax. Python 3 raises SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print' — the program never even starts.
• Error 2 (after fixing that): create(5) supplies only one argument for two required parameters → TypeError: create() missing 1 required positional argument: 'freq'.
• Corrected:

def create(text, freq):
    for i in range(1, freq):
        print(text)
create("hello", 5)      # prints "hello" 4 times (range(1,5))

b) print cos(0) with the wrong imports

from math import sqrt,ceil
def calc():
     print cos(0)
calc()

• Error 1: again the Python-2 print statement → SyntaxError.
• Error 2: only sqrt and ceil were imported; cos is undefined → NameError: name 'cos' is not defined once the syntax is fixed.
• Corrected:

from math import sqrt, ceil, cos
def calc():
    print(cos(0))
calc()

1.0

c) Modifying a global inside a function

mynum = 9
def add9():
     mynum = mynum + 9
     print mynum
add9()

• Besides the print syntax issue, the real lesson: because mynum is assigned inside the function, Python treats it as a local variable throughout the function — so mynum + 9 reads a local that has no value yet → UnboundLocalError: local variable 'mynum' referenced before assignment.
• Corrected with a global declaration:

mynum = 9
def add9():
    global mynum
    mynum = mynum + 9
    print(mynum)
add9()

18

d) Default parameter before non-default ones

def findValue( vall = 1.1, val2, val3):
     final = (val2 + val3)/ vall
     print(final)
findvalue()

• Error 1: SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument — once a parameter has a default (vall = 1.1), every parameter after it must also have one.
• Error 2: the call says findvalue() but the function is findValue — Python names are case-sensitive → NameError. (And even findValue() would need values for val2, val3.)
• Corrected:

def findValue(val2, val3, vall = 1.1):
    final = (val2 + val3) / vall
    print(final)
findValue(5.5, 6.6)

10.999999999999998

(Not a clean 11.0 — 6.6 and 1.1 have no exact binary representation, so float arithmetic leaves a tiny rounding tail. This is normal Python behaviour, not a bug in the fix.)

e) Assigning to a function call

def greet():
     return("Good morning")
greet() = message

• The assignment is backwards: greet() = message tries to use a function call as the assignment target → SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call. (message is also undefined.)
• Corrected:

def greet():
    return "Good morning"
message = greet()
print(message)

Good morning