The Stem

What are the features that distinguish a stem from a root? The stem is the ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. It develops from the plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed.

The stem bears nodes and internodes. The region of the stem where leaves are born is called a node, while internodes are the portions of the stem between two nodes. The stem bears buds, which may be terminal or axillary. A stem is generally green when young and later often becomes woody and dark brown.

The functions of the stem are:

• The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers and fruits
• It conducts water, minerals and photosynthates (conduction)
• Some stems perform the function of storage of food
• Stems also provide support and protection
• Some stems help in vegetative propagation …