Ch 12Enzymes — Class 12 Botany, concept-first.

Every living cell is a busy chemical factory: thousands of reactions run inside it every second - building large molecules from small ones, breaking food down for energy, and converting one compound i…

An enzyme acts on a specific starting molecule, called its substrate, and converts it into a different molecule, called the product.

Enzyme action begins when the substrate binds to a particular pocket on the enzyme called the active site, forming a temporary enzyme-substrate (ES) complex.

The rate at which an enzyme works is not fixed - it changes with the conditions around it. The main factors that influence enzyme activity are temperature, pH, the concentration of the substrate, the…

Every enzyme has a temperature at which it works best, called its optimum temperature; for most enzymes in the human body this lies close to normal body temperature.

When the amount of enzyme, temperature and pH are all kept constant, increasing the concentration of substrate at first increases the rate of the enzyme-catalysed reaction almost proportionally, becau…

Because thousands of different enzymes exist, the International Union of Biochemistry created a standard scheme that sorts every enzyme into one of six major classes based purely on the type of reacti…

Many enzymes cannot catalyse a reaction on their own; the protein portion alone, called the apoenzyme, is catalytically inactive until it is joined by an additional, non-protein component called a co-…

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.